Medical technology3 min read
Continuous glucose monitoring
CGM
Continuous glucose monitoring uses a device that automatically estimates glucose every few minutes through a sensor reading the fluid between cells. Doctors prescribe CGMs for adults and children, and in 2024 the FDA cleared the first over-the-counter CGM for adults who do not use insulin.
A doctor may recommend the device for people who need insulin to manage type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The device provides an alert when blood sugar falls or rises too far, and shows glucose trends easily. The over-the-counter device is intended for people aged 18 and over who do not use insulin.
You may sometimes need to compare the device's readings with a fingerstick test, and researchers are working to make the devices more accurate and easier to use. The over-the-counter device is not for people with frequent low blood sugar problems. It is a key component of the artificial pancreas.
- In widespread clinical use
- Approved for specific uses
- In clinical trials
- Preclinical
- Concept
Doctors prescribe it to adults and children in routine diabetes care, and since 2024 an over-the-counter type has been available for a specific group.
- People with diabetes who need insulinIn widespread clinical use
A doctor may recommend it for type 1 or type 2.1
- Over-the-counter device for adults who do not use insulinApproved for specific uses
Authorised in March 2024; not for people with frequent low blood sugar.2
Status last checked: · What the maturity levels mean
What is it?
Continuous glucose monitoring is the use of a device that estimates blood sugar levels automatically and continuously.
How does it work?
The sensors estimate the glucose level in the fluid between cells, and the device raises an alert when blood sugar falls or rises too far and displays its trends.
Where is it used today?
A doctor may recommend it if you need insulin to manage type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and it can be prescribed for adults and children.
In March 2024 the FDA authorised the first over-the-counter device for people aged 18 and over who do not use insulin.
Limits and risks
You may sometimes need to compare readings with a fingerstick test, and researchers are working to improve accuracy.
The over-the-counter device is not for people with frequent low blood sugar problems.
Common questions
Does a continuous monitor replace fingersticks completely?
Not always; you may sometimes need to compare its readings with a fingerstick test, and your doctor decides when.1
Questions for your doctor
- Is a continuous glucose monitor suitable for me, and how do I use its alerts?
- When should I check with a fingerstick?
References
- 1NIDDK (NIH). Continuous Glucose Monitoring. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/continuous-glucose-monitoringHealth agencies & guidelines · Accessed 2026-10-08
- 2U.S. FDA. FDA Clears First Over-the-Counter Continuous Glucose Monitor. www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-clears-first-over-counter-continuous-glucose-monitorHealth agencies & guidelines · Accessed 2026-10-08
Review status: Edited content · Last updated:
Change log
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Educational content only — no diagnosis, and no substitute for a clinician.